Here`s how obesity impacts female reproductive health

Obesity cases are rising at an alarming rate across the country among men and women but there is more to it as can take a toll on the female reproductive system.

Every year, World Health Day is observed on April 7 to commemorate the founding of World Health Organization in 1948, and highlight the need to raise awareness about taking care of our health. Now, while it is a known fact that obesity increases the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and kidney issues, its impact on female reproductive health is often overlooked. Obesity tends to cause hormonal balance, menstrual irregularities, infertility, and pregnancy complications in women which need to be managed without any delay. Experts say women must take preventive measures to maintain an optimum weight and reproductive health.

Dr Upasana Garg, regional technical chief at Apollo Diagnostics Mumbai, says, ‘‘Obesity is when excessive body fat accumulates, inviting risks like diabetes, heart disease, and even reproductive issues. Obesity cases are rising in women aged 23-35 due to sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy diets, hormonal imbalances, and even stress. Obesity affects female reproductive health by causing hormonal imbalances. Hence, women who are overweight or obese often experience irregular menstrual cycles, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and ovulation issues, which can lead to infertility. Moreover, excess weight increases the risk of pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and even miscarriage.” 

Dr Garg adds, “Diagnosis of obesity-related reproductive issues involves hormonal evaluations to check levels of estrogen, progesterone, and androgens to detect imbalances affecting fertility. Ultrasounds help to examine conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and then initiate appropriate treatment. Metabolic tests, which are glucose tolerance and insulin resistance assessments, help identify the chances of this in women. Blood tests should also be done to evaluate thyroid function and lipid profiles to understand the overall metabolic health of a woman. It is imperative to do the test advised by the expert.  Early intervention can help women manage their weight effectively and improve their reproductive health.”

Dr Sweta Lalgudi, who is a gynaecologist at Zynova Shalby Hospital Mumbai Said, “Obesity is the mother of all diseases and the cases are rising across all age groups due to sedentary lifestyle, stress, unhealthy diet, and absence of physical activity. Obesity affects a woman`s reproductive health, leading to irregular menstrual cycles, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that happens when the woman`s ovaries or adrenal glands produce more male hormones, infertility, and pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. 10 per cent of women aged 23-35 who visit the OPD are obese and are advised to follow individualized treatment plans to successfully conceive. Maintaining a healthy weight aids in hormonal balance, regular ovulation, and improved fertility. Weight loss enhances overall well-being, and boosts the chances of a healthy pregnancy. Adhering to a well-balanced diet and regular exercise is key to deal with reproductive challenges caused due to being overweight or obese.” 

“Obesity is a common problem among women aged 23-35. Just like heart, kidney, respiratory, and gallbladder problems, reproductive issues are also seen in women who are obese. Being obese can lead to reproductive issues such as anovulation, menstrual irregularities, miscarriage, and infertility. 30 per cent of women aged 23-35 visiting the OPD are obese and are recommended to follow a personalized treatment plan to improve their chances of conception. Treatments may include hormonal therapy, fertility medications, or assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) like IVF, based on the diagnosis. Early intervention improves the chances of successful conception,” adds Dr Mansi Medhekar, consultant obstetrics and gynaecologist at Lilavati Hospital in Bandra.

“Managing obesity-related reproductive health problems needs a comprehensive approach. Treatment options include lifestyle changes such as a balanced diet, regular physical activity for at least five days a week, and weight management programs. Exercise under the guidance of a fitness trainer.  In some cases, medications or assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) may be suggested by the expert. Preventive measures such as maintaining a healthy diet, engaging in regular exercise, and undergoing routine health check-ups are crucial in safeguarding reproductive health. Women should consult an expert without any delay if they notice any menstrual irregularities or fertility concerns. This World Health Day, women should take charge of their health and pay attention to their reproductive health without fail,” highlights Dr Garg.