As monsoon season begins, doctors highlight why leptospirosis can be harmful

With the arrival of the monsoon season comes a respite from heat, but not without an increased risk of some infections. While a surge in vector-borne diseases like dengue, malaria and chikungunya is common during this time of the year, leptospirosis also poses health risks, especially during the rainy season, and shouldn’t be ignored, according to health experts.

After Kerala, the monsoon also arrived in Maharashtra earlier than usual this year. According to an update by the India Meteorological Department (IMD), the southwest monsoon is expected to cover most parts of northwest India, including Delhi, by June 25, well ahead of the usual dates.

As monsoon showers continue, it is important to watch out for specific signs and symptoms of diseases like leptospirosis.

Causes and symptoms

Dr Urvi Maheshwari, Internal Medicine Expert at Zynova Shalby Hospital in Mumbai explains, “Leptospirosis is caused by the Leptospira bacteria that are generally present in water contaminated by animal urine. The infection spreads through cuts on the skin or mucous membranes when a person comes in contact with infected water, mainly during the monsoon season.”

People, she says, are most at risk of contracting the disease during monsoon if they come in contact with contaminated flood water or stagnant water. Walking barefoot or with open wounds in such water makes it easier for the bacteria to enter the body.

Additionally, it is best to also avoid recreational activities like swimming in lakes or ponds, and stay away from infected animals, agriculture and gardening activities, and food that may be contaminated with rodent urine.

Highlighting symptoms of this infection, Dr Anita Mathew, Director – Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Specialist at Fortis Hospital in Mulund, says, “People should watch out for leptospirosis symptoms, which include high-grade fever, severe body aches, poor appetite, yellowing of eyes, and a drop in urine output.”

She also warns that certain groups may be more at risk of infection. “Certain subsets of the population like sewage workers, veterinarians, butchers, gardeners and people who swim in open water bodies like ponds and lakes are at high risk of contracting leptospirosis,” Dr Mathew informs.

“Farmers, sanitation staff, pet handlers, and those living in flood-prone areas may be more at risk. Children and individuals with weak immunity are also more vulnerable to the infection,” Dr Maheshwari adds.

Can leptospirosis be life-threatening?

Leptospirosis can present mild as well as severe symptoms. If not diagnosed and treated early, it may prove to be deadly, according to Dr Maheshwari. “In severe cases, it can lead to kidney failure, liver damage, internal bleeding, or meningitis,” she informs.

Dr Mathew further says that the most critical form of leptospirosis, called Weil’s disease, can be fatal as it can cause multiple organ failure besides bleeding tendency. Given the potential severity of the disease, it is crucial to consult a doctor immediately if symptoms are observed to ensure timely medical intervention.

Prevention tips

Besides avoiding contact with contaminated fluids like sewage water or dirty rainwater, Dr Mathew shares the following tips to prevent leptospirosis:

1. Wash your feet immediately with anti-bacterial soap if you come in contact with dirty water. If you have open wounds on your limbs, avoid contact with dirty water altogether.

2. Sewage workers should be provided with thick rubber gloves and boots, so they do not come in contact with contaminated water.

3. Avoid swimming in potentially contaminated lakes, ponds, or rivers.

4. Practice good hand hygiene.

Disclaimer: This is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Kindly consult a qualified medical expert for personalised guidance.

Source