World Thyroid Day 2025: 5 thyroid issues men often overlook

When we think of thyroid disorders, Dr Piyush Lodha, we often associate them with women. However, there is more to the issues than meet the eye. While the Pune-based endocrinologist says it’s true that women are more likely to be diagnosed, men are not immune. He shares, “Thyroid issues in men are less commonly recognised. They are often misdiagnosed or completely overlooked—sometimes until serious complications arise.” 

The thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland in the neck that plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy, mood, and overall well-being. Every year, World Thyroid Day is observed on May 25 to particularly raise awareness about thyroid disorders and encourage individuals to take care of their health. The theme for 2025 is “Thyroid Disease and Artificial Intelligence” to focus on the use of AI to diagnose and treat the disorders. 

Unfortunately, even as there may be better awareness about thyroid issues in women, it may not be the same case in men, as not many are convinced their issues could be thyroid related. In fact, Dr Pranav A Ghody, who is the endocrinologist at Wockhardt Hospital in Mumbai Central, says thyroid dysfunction often goes unnoticed in men because symptoms can mimic other conditions or be dismissed as stress or aging. 

Here are thyroid issues that men could be facing:

1. Fatigue and low energy
Dr Piyush, who is with Ruby Hall Clinic in Pune, says one of the most commonly overlooked symptoms of thyroid dysfunction in men is persistent fatigue. He explains, “Men often attribute tiredness to stress, long work hours, or aging. However, fatigue could be a sign of hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough hormones.” Left untreated, he says this can lead to depression, weight gain, and even heart problems. Routine blood tests, including TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) and free T4 levels, can detect imbalances early.

So, what is Hypothyroidism? Dr Pranav further explains, “Hypothyroidism, which is Underactive Thyroid, is when men may feel unusually tired, gain weight despite normal eating habits, or experience mood swings and depression. Low thyroid hormone levels can also affect heart health and metabolism.” 

2. Unexplained weight changes
While women might quickly seek medical advice for sudden weight gain or loss, the Pune doctor says the men often dismiss it. “Unexplained weight gain may be a symptom of hypothyroidism, while weight loss without effort could indicate hyperthyroidism, where the thyroid is overactive. These changes can affect muscle mass, energy levels, and metabolism. Ignoring these signs can delay treatment and lead to long-term health complications,” he adds.

On the other hand, Dr Pranav says the symptoms for Hyperthyroidism beyond unexpected weight loss also include irritability, rapid heartbeat, excessive sweating, and insomnia. If left untreated, it may lead to serious cardiac complications.

3. Mood disorders and cognitive issues
Men rarely connect mood swings, irritability, anxiety, or depression with thyroid problems. However, Dr Piyush says thyroid has a direct influence on brain function and emotional stability. Hypothyroidism can result in memory problems, brain fog, and depression, while hyperthyroidism may cause anxiety, restlessness, and even panic attacks. These psychological changes are often mistaken for other mental health issues, when a simple thyroid test could provide clarity.

4. Changes in sexual health
Thyroid issues can have a profound impact on male reproductive health, including decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and even infertility. The Pune-based endocrinologist says low thyroid hormone levels can reduce testosterone production, affect sperm quality, and contribute to low sex drive. Because men are less likely to discuss sexual health openly, these symptoms often go unreported, leading to misdiagnosis or neglect.

5. Hair loss and skin changes
Even something as simply as hair thinning or balding in men is frequently blamed on genetics or aging but there could be more to it. But sudden or excessive hair loss, along with dry skin or brittle nails, can be a sign of thyroid imbalance. Both hypo- and hyperthyroidism can disrupt the hair growth cycle, leading to visible changes in appearance.

Beyond these, Dr Pranav says there are others that people should take note of: 

Goiter (Enlarged Thyroid)
Though painless, the city-based doctor says a swelling at the base of the neck could indicate iodine deficiency or thyroid dysfunction. It may cause difficulty swallowing or breathing and warrants immediate medical evaluation.

Thyroid nodules
On the other hand, lumps in the thyroid are often benign but should be monitored for cancer risk. Men are more likely to ignore these nodules until they interfere with daily functioning.

Thyroid cancer
Last but not the least, although rare, the city-based endocrinologist says thyroid cancer tends to be more aggressive in men. Hoarseness, persistent cough, or swelling in the neck should not be overlooked.

Importance of testing
It is also why they highlight the importance of testing at such times. Dr Pranav says many thyroid conditions progress silently. He explains, “A simple blood test measuring TSH, T3, and T4 levels can catch imbalances early. Regular check-ups, especially for men with a family history or symptoms, are important. Ignoring thyroid issues can lead to severe metabolic, cardiac, or mental health problems. By staying alert to subtle signs and scheduling timely tests, men can protect their long-term health and vitality.” 

On the other hand, Dr Piyush reminds that thyroid disorders are manageable, especially when diagnosed early. “A delay in diagnosis can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, infertility, and severe mental health issues. Men should not hesitate to consult their doctors about subtle changes in mood, energy, weight, or physical appearance. A simple blood test can offer insights and guide treatment, potentially saving long-term health and quality of life,” he concludes.

This article first appeared on Mid Day